Affirmative
action: or
positive discrimination is a policy or a program providing access
to systems for people of a minority groups who have traditionally
been discriminated against, with the aim of creating a more egalitarian
society. This consists of access to education, employment, health
care, or social welfare.
Androgyny:
Person with ambiguous gender.
Biological
sex: It’s the sex you are born with in your body,
though you may feel uncomfortable or wrong with it.
Domestic
violence: Physical, emotional, sexual or financial abuse
on a person living in the same home.
Drag
queen, drag king: Persons who perform for fun or for art,
as a show, a stereotyped image of the opposite gender
Ecofeminism:
Feminist movement that considers that women have, naturally or culturally
(big debate) a better way to deal with Nature than men.
Essentialism:
Feminist point of view according to which women must have a decent
place in society because they bring different and more positive
values than men.
Feminism,
pro-feminism: Struggles to achieve equality between the
two genders. Men who share this struggle usually prefer to call
themselves pro-feminist.
Gender:
It’s preferable to speak about the gender of a person than
of his/her sex. Sex is a biological fact, gender insists on the
social construction made from this biological sex. In a variety
of different contexts, gender refers to the masculinity or femininity
of words, persons, organisms, or characteristics. The classification
into masculine and feminine is analogous to the biological sex of
the referent, often by physical or syntactical analogy, linguistic
decay, misunderstandings, societal norms, or personal choice. The
nature of this categorization varies depending on the context. For
example, gender can be used to refer to the differences in biological
sex between two members of a species, or different characteristics
of electrical connectors. On the other side, in feminist theory,
gender is used to refer solely to socially constructed differences
between male and female behavior, and the gender of a noun in many
languages may have nothing to do with the concept described by it
Gender
discrimination: action that specifically denies opportunities,
privileges, or rewards to a person or a group because of their sex.
Gender
equality: is the concept that the genders should be legally
and socially equal.
Gender
identity: describes the gender with which a person identifies
(i.e., whether one perceives oneself to be a man, a woman, or describes
oneself in some less conventional way), but can also be used to
refer to the gender that other people attribute to the individual
on the basis of what they know from gender role indications (clothing,
hair style, etc.).
Gender
identity may be affected by a variety of social structures, including
the person’s ethnic position, employment status, religion
or irreligion, and family.
Gender
roles: It’s a set of behavioural norms associated
with males and with females in a given social group or system.
Gender
stereotypes: are considered to be a concept held by one
group about another. They are often used in a negative or prejudicial
sense and are frequently used to justify certain discriminatory
behaviors. This allows powerful social groups to legitimize and
protect their dominant position
Gender
studies: Theoretical work in social sciences or humanities
that focuses on issues of sex and gender in language and society.
Gynocentric:
Ideologically focused on females, and issues affecting them, possibly
to the detriment of males.
Homophobia:
Systematic hate or aversion towards gays and lesbians.
Intersex:
Persons born with ambiguous genitalia. It happens a lot
that intersex babies are mutilated to be assigned one biological
sex, female.
LGBT:
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender.
Masculinism:
Concern for male identity that can put in danger the achievements
of anti-sexist and feminist struggles.
Misogyny:
Systematic hate or aversion towards women.
Patriarchy:
Sociological condition where male members of a society tend to predominate
in positions of power.
Pornography:
is the representation of the human body or human sexual
behavior with the goal of sexual arousal, similar to, but (according
to some) distinct from, erotica.Pornography
may use any of a variety of media — written and spoken text,
photos, sculpture, drawings, moving images (including animation),
and sounds.
Prostitution:
is the sale of sexual services, such as oral sex or sexual intercourse,
for money. A person selling sexual services is a prostitute, a type
of sex worker. In a more general sense of the word, anyone selling
their services for a cause thought to be unworthy can be described
as prostituting themselves.
Queer: Originally an insult against LGBT people, used now by most
of them to define themselves, and to name academic studies on this
topic.
Reproductive
rights: Women’s rights including the right to reproduce
(against forced sterilization) or not to reproduce (for the right
of contraception or abortion).
Sex: is one of two specimen categories of species that recombine
their genetic material in order to reproduce, a process called genetic
recombination, or conjugation. The somewhat similar term gender
has more to do with identity than biology. Typically, a species
will have two sexes: male and female. The female sex is defined
as the one which produces the larger gamete (i.e., reproductive
cell) and which bears the offspring. The categories of sex are,
therefore, reflective of the reproductive functions that an individual
is capable of performing at some point during its life cycle, and
not of the mating types, which genetically can be more than two.
Sexual
harassment: Intimidating unwelcome sexual advance.
Sexual
identity: Gender or sex with which a person identifies
or is identified.
Sexism:
is commonly considered to be discrimination against people based
on their sex rather than their individual merits, but can also refer
to any and all differentiations based on sex. Sexism can be the
belief that one sex is superior to the other, that men and women
are very different and that this should be strongly reflected in
society, language, the right to have sex, and the law, and it can
be a simple hatred of women (misogyny) or hatred of men (misandry).
Sexual
orientation: It refers to the gender of a person’s
amorous or erotic desires. It can be the same gender (homosexuality),
the opposite gender (heterosexuality), both (bisexuality), or none
(asexuality).
Sex
Trafficking: includes recruiting, harboring, obtaining,
and transporting persons by use of force, fraud for the purpose
of subjecting them to involuntary acts, such as commercial sexual
exploitation (including prostitution) or involuntary labor, i.e.,
enslaving them. Human trafficking is the trade of human beings and
their use by criminals to make money. This often means forcing or
tricking people into prostitution.
Transgender:
A transgender person can have a transformation from male to female
(M to F) or from female to male (F to M). This transformation can
be physical and permanent in the case of transsexuals. Other journeys
through gender can be for fun, art, mental comfort, intellectual
curiosity, social conformism, all of them are respectful.
Universalism:
Feminist point of view according to which women must be given equality
with men for the reason that they are both human beings.
